MIZO LUNGPHUN HLUI TE HI

MIZO LUNGPHUN HLUI TE HI

- Malsawmliana

 

Tunhnaiah Mizoram khawchhak lama Vangchhia khaw daia hmanlai lungphun tam tak awmkhawmna ‘Kawtchhuah Ropui’ an tih mai chu Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) te’n hmun pawimawh leh humhalh ngai (Site of National Importance) atan a puang a. A lawmawm hle a ni. Heng bakah hian Mizoram sorkar pawhin 2001 khan ‘The Mizoram Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act, 2001’ chu a lo pass tawh a, chumi hmang chuan ‘The Mizoram Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains rules, 2003’ chu hman a ni ta. He Rules hmang hian Mizoram chhunga hmanlai thil hlui leh historical places engemaw zat chu humhalh a ni ta a ni.
Tunhnaiah Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) te’n Vangchhia-a lungphun an humhalh tur pawh hi thil lawmawm tak leh Mizo history-a thil thleng pawimawh tak a ni. Vangchhia Lungphun chungchang hi Vanglaini, 13.8.2011-a chhuakah Pu B. Lalthangliana’n bengvarthlak takin a rawn ziak tawh a. Hmanlai Lungphunte hi Mizote kuthnu a nih leh nih lo chungchanga a ngaihdan te a rawn ziak a. Tlema lungphun danglam deuh hlek te chu hnam ang kuthnu nia kan ngai lat \inte chu pawm har a tih thu te pawh a rawn ziak a. Entirnan, East Lungar khaw bula ‘Lungvando’ chu Mizo lungphun pangngai ang a nih loh avanga hnam dang kutchhuak a nih rin tlatna te hi a awm ve bawk a. Chutiang ngaihdan chu Mizote zingah hian tun thlengin a la awm. Tin, Mizo ni lo, hnam dang kutchhuak pawh a ni thei tho bawk.
Lungphun chungchang hi tlem han tarlang ta ila. Lungphun culture (megalithic culture) hi khawvel ram dang chu sawi loh, kan chhehvela hnam dangte – Khasi, Naga etc. te hian an ching hle a, an hnam nunphungah pawimawhna a nei nasa hle a ni. Keini Mizote ai mah hian Khasi-ho chuan an nunphungah awmzia an neihtir nasa a, an uar hle. Hriatrengna lungphun piah lamah an chhungte thi tawh ruh dahna atan te leh thil dang atan an hmang \hin.
Archaeology-ah hian zirna peng hrang hrang zingah megaliths lam hi tunlaia langsar pawl tak a ni a. ‘Megaliths’ tih hi Greek tawng ‘mega’ leh ‘lithos’ atanga lak a ni a. Mega tih chu ‘lian(large)’ tih a ni a, lithos hi ‘lung’ (stone)’tihna a ni. Tichuan, megaliths tih chu lungphun lian sawina a ni a, a huhova lungphun emaw phun tlar tuarh ang hi megaliths tih hian a hawi mah zawk a, a mal din (single upright stone) hi ‘monolith’ ti a sawi a ni thung.
Engpawhnise, Vangchhia leh Lianpui leh hmun danga Mizo lungphun awmte hi a danglamna chu milem inziak te hi a pawngchhuaka ziak an ni hi a ni. Mizo lungphunte hi chi thumin an \hen a, chungte chu- engmah inziak lo (plain monument), a pawnga inziak (engraving of figures in high relief or embossing) leh thuk taka ker (engraving of figures). Heng zingah hian a pawng chhuaka ziak hi a har ber a, a ‘skill’ pawh a sang ber. Mizo lungphun (Megaliths) chungchanga research ti a kan zinkual velnaah pawh hetiang ang lungphuna milem a pawnga inziak hi a tam lo hle a, Zoram hmun hrang hrangah hian chhiar tham lek a awm. Heng lungphun a milem inziak hrang hrangte hian hmanlai kan pipute themthiam zia a tarlang a; tin, kan history chhuina atan thil tangkai tak (archaeological sources) an nih bawk avangin an hlu a, humhalh an ngai em em a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian sawi tur tam tak a awm thei awm e.
Megaliths (lungphun) hi khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hmuh tur a awm a, India hmarchhakah pawh hiana bikin Meghalaya ah hian a tam leh zual. Lungphun te hi chi hrang hrang a awm leh a, chung zinga thenkhatte chu han tarlang leh thuak thuak ila –
a) Menhir – lung phun pangngai/ a tung, hei hi lung mal din a kawk deuh
b) Alignment- hei hi a huho/a intlara lungphun sawina a ni.
c) Stonehenge – a kuala lungphun
d) Dolmen (table stone/stone seats) –a bawk a phun
e) Cairns – lung chhun pawn (stone heaps)
Heng bakah hian phun dan chi hrang hrang a tam hle a, sawi vek sen pawh a ni awm love. Heng zinga Mizorama kan neih te han tarlang ila –
a) Menhir – hei hi chu Mizo lungphun pangngai hi a ni a, a tung chho a phun ho hi a ni. Mizorama lungphun tam ber hi ‘Menhir’ a ni.
b) Alignment – Lung phun tlar hi a ni a. Hmanlaiin pasaltha te hriatrengnan lung an phu tlar thin a, chung chu ‘Hranglungphun’ an ti. Tin Mizoram hmarchhaka Lungphunlian pawh khi a piah deuhah khian a khat tawkin an inphun tlar hlawm bawk a. Hetianga lung phun tlar hi Alignment chu a ni.
c) Dolmen – hei hi a bawk/tlu a phun a ni a, a hnuaiah kamtu a awm thin. Mizoramah chuan Champhai Zote tlanga ‘Sikpui Lung’ ang hi a ni. A phek zawngin leiah an phah a, a hnuaiah lungthu pathum in an kam kang a ni. Hetiang hi khawvel hmun dangah pawh hmuh tur tamtak a awm a, amaherawhchu an phun chhan (ideology) erawh a danglam thung.
d) Cairns (kians ti a lam tur) – hei hi lung chhun pawn a ni a, a chung lamah a zuih ral thin. Mizoramah chuan Mara hnam hovin an lal hriatrengnan a an phun thin ‘Pura’ ang hi a ni awm e. Pyramid ang hian a hnuai lama a arh a, a chung lamah a zuih ral thin a ni.
Hetianga lungphun dan chi hrang hrang a awm avang leh a phun chhan pawh a inan loh nuai avang hian Lungphun hlui te atang hian a phuntute chanchin leh an nunphung, an hnam chin dan te a hriat theih a. Chuvangin lungphun(megaliths) hi history chhuina atana thil tangkai tak a ni reng a ni. Entirnan, Sikpui Lung chu Hmar ho kut pui khat ‘sikpui Roui’an hman laia an phun thin a ni a, a phun dan pawh a awm thlap a ni. Hemi chungchang hi hun remchangah ziah leh kan la tum dawn nia.
Tin, Mizo te khan an lungphun reng rengah milem an ziak nasa hle a, ziah lohna (plain monument) pawh a awm tho bawk a. Heng milem te hi a tlangpuin Sial lu, dar lem, mihring lem, puan, sava, sakawr, silai, fei, sakhi/sazuk leh thil chi hrang hrang te an ziak/ker thin a. Thil mak ve deuh mai chu Zoram khawi hmuna mi pawh hi en ila, milem inziak a awm chuan an ziah dan kalhmang hi a inang vek a ni. Khawchhaka Lianpui leh Vangchhia vela lungphuna mihring lem an ziah dan(style) leh khawtlang Pukzing daia lungphun te, South Sabual kawtchhuaha lungphun a mihring lem inziak te chu a inang vek a ni. Tin, Mizo te thlang tlak dan leh an pem zel dan (routes of migration), an khawsak tawhna (settlement pattern) te kan zir chuan Mizoram khawchhak atang hian khawtlangah an chhuk thla zel tih a lang a. Chuvangin milema thil inziah dan(style) pawh an chhawm thla zel a nih hmel. Tin, khawchhak lama lungphun te hi a tlangpuiin khawtlang lama lungphun te aiin an upa zawk niin a lang, a phuntu ni a an sawi te chanchin enin.
Tin, ‘Pura’ hi Mara hnam chenna velah hmuh tur a awm nual a, Chin Hills-ah Mara ho lo awm tawhna ah te pawh hmuh tur a la awm. Chuvangin ‘Pura’ lung atang ringawt pawh hian Mara hnam ho thlang tlak dan leh an kalkawng(routes of migration) hi a hriat theih ve riai riai a, chutiang zelin Sikpui Lung pawh Hmar ho chanchin chhui nan a tangkai bawk. Hetiang a nih avang hian lungphun hi chanchin hlui(history) chhui nan a tangkai em em a ni.

Sikpui Lung( A stone seat)

Mizo te hian hmanlai atang tawhin lungphun hi kan lo ching ve tawh a. Mitthi te hriatrengna turte, kut leh hun pui an hman thin hriatrengnan te, khaw thar kai hriatrengnan (to commemorate important and noteworthy events such as founding of villages) te, mi ropui – lal, thangchhuahpa leh pasaltha ten an hlawhtlinna leh khuang an chawi hriatrengnan (achievements of important personages such as chiefs, warriors etc) te leh thil dang atan te an phun thin. Heng zingah hian mitthi hriatrengna lungphun hi a tam ber a, kan lungphun neih te hetiang lam vek hi a ni. Tin, kan lungphun te hian hming an nei deuh zel a, a phuntute emaw an phun chhan te hming chawia phuah an ni deuh ber.

Kan sawi tak ah hian lungphun te hi thil engemaw hriatrengnan phun a ni tlangpui a, chung zingah chuan Hmar hnam peng ten Sikpui Roui an hman thin dan leh hemi tuma lung an phun thin ‘Sikpui Lung’ chungchang hi han tarlang ila. Hmar hnam pem kual dan (migratory routes) : Hmar te hi Mizo hnam zingah chuan a lian ber pawl an ni a, kum zabi 15-na leh 17-na inkar vel khan Run leh Tiau lui inkar velah an cheng tawh niin a lang , tichuan kum zabi 17-na velah Tiau lui an kan ta a. Run lui an zawh hian Ralte te nen an zawh ho ni awm tak a ni a, he hla thu atang hi chuan - “ Runtui kawi e, Ralte nu leh, Ralte pa leh Kan in kawia, Runtui kawi e” ( we winded along the meanders of Runtui with the Ralte men and women) Kum zabi 17-na hnu lama Mizoram an luh hnu hian Champhai leh a chhehvel ah te hian an inbengbel a. Tun thleng hian an lo awm tawhna khua te hian Hmar hnam hming chawiin khaw hming an neih deuh zel a, entirnan –Zote, Ngur, Chhungte, Khawzawl etc. Hemi hnuah hian Mizoram hmar lamah pem in tun thleng hian hmar lam tlang dung hi Hmar hnam ho awm tamna(concentrated areas) a lo ni ta a ni. Tin, Mizoram chhung mai piah lamah Manipur leh Assam ram chhung, Mizoram ramri dep velah te an khawsa bawk. Kum zabi 19-na bawr vel khan Manipur chhim thlang lam (south-western hills), tuna Churachandpur District ah te hian an pem lut tan a, thenkhat chu Meghalaya state chhung Jaintia Hills thleng pawha pem an awm bawk. Tin, Assam chhunga Cachar hills leh Tripura velah pawh thahnem tak an awm bawk a ni. Manipur ah rau rau chuan tunah hian Hmar hnam te hi Churachandpur District ah an tam ber. Sikpui Ruoi hi eng nge ni ? Sikpui Ruoi hi Hmar hnam te kut pui a ni a, kumtina hman erawh a ni lem lo. Kum thum chhung vel ei leh bara malsawmna an dawn a, khua in harsatna an tawh loh chuan lawmthu sawina atan he kut hi an hmang thin. Amaherawhchu, chhiatna an tawh te leh harsatna an tawh hunah te chuan he kut hi an hmang ngai lem lo. Lawmthu sawina leh hlimna lam (thanksgiving festival) a nih avangin ei leh bara an dinhmun a ziaawm lai, malsawmna an dawn lai leh hmelma lakah pawh an him lai, hun ralmuanga an awm laiin he kut hi an hmang ber thin. Thlasik laia hman thin a nih avangin a hming pawh hi Sikpui Roui tih a ni. He kut hi sakhaw biakna nen a inzawm leh lova, mipui vantlang intihhlimna kut a ni deuh ber. Mizote kut dang ang bawkin he Kut an hman dawn hi chuan Zu leh sa a tam a, an inbuatsaih nasa a, a hma thla 2/3 velah te an lo inbuatsaih lawk thin a ni. Sikpui Roui hi Hmar hnam tan chuan hun pui leh nghahhlelhawm, Hmar hnam te inpumkhatna hun a ni a, chuvangin a hlu em em a ni. Sikpui Lung Kut neih hma kar khat velah pa hovin ramhnuaiah lung phek hlai tha tak leh a nghahchhan tur lung dang pathum zawngin an vak chhuak a. Heng lung te hi an uluk em em a, mihring kut hnu leh keh awm lo, tuma tih la tih chingpen loh a ni tur a ni. Tichuan an duh ang an hmuh hnuah khua ah zawn lutin kut an hmanna turah an dah a. Kut an hman hma ni chiah ah heng lung te hi an phun ta a ni. An phun dan chu – mipa naupang kum 12-14 inkar bawr vel (kel khal rual vel an ti deuh kher thin) pahnih hi an inbuan tir a. A tlangpuiin heng naupang te hi Hmar hnam chi peng pakhat, Lungtau hnam atangin an thlang thin. Naupangte chuan an kawngah puan an vet a, tichuan an puan ven a vuan chung chuan inchawi kan an tum thin a. A khingpui kha a chawi kan theih chuan chak zawka puan a ni thin a. A han chawi kang a, leia a dah thlak leh chiah khan a chak lo zawkin lei a zuk rahna chiah kha an chhinchhiah a. Chumi hmunah tak chuan lung pakhat kha an phun ta a. Lung dang pahnih kha a bul hnaiah, lungthu ang deuhvin an phun veleh a, tichuan a chungah lungphek kha an phah ta thin a ni. Tichuan lung chu phun zawh a lo ni ta a, thuthleng anga hman theih a ni. Hetiang lungphun hi archaeological term chuan ‘stone seats’ tih a ni. Chuvangin Mizote hian megaliths chi hrang hrang zingah ‘stone seats’ hi kan lo nei ve reng a ni. Tichuan a tukah chuan Sipui Roui chu tan a ni ta a, hemi puala hla an neih ‘Sikpui hla’ chu an sa dual dual a, a then an lam bawk a – ‘Sikpui inthang kan ur laia Changtuipui aw sen mahrili kang intan ‘ Sun razula ka lei do aw, Laimi sa ang Changtuipuiin lem zo a Ke ralawna ka lei do aw Sunah sum ang, zana mei lawn invak e An tur an sa tlua ruol aw, In phawsiel le in ralfeite zuong thaw ro ‘A va ruol aw la ta che, Suonglung chunga tui zuongput kha la ta chah Hla hriltu/ Khuongpuzailak leh khuangpu te chu an lungphun/Sikpui lung chungah khan an thu a. Sikpui Lung hi kut an hman lai hi chuan serh hran a ni a, khuangpu leh hla hriltu lo chu thut ve phal a ni lo. Hla an sak lai hian an la urhsun em em a, an sak laia lo nui emaw, lo ti mai mai an awm chuan a bul atangin an tan tha leh thin a, chutiang a nih loh pawhin kut hman kha an titawp thin bawk. Chutiang khawp chuan Sikpui Roui hi Hmar hnam te hian an ngai urhsun a, an la thu tak em em a ni. Sikpui Hla an sak hian Kut an hman chhungin hmun pawimawh tak a luah a, kut hman tan dawna sak thin a nih avangin an ngai urhsun a, an kut hman dan thlengin nghawng a neiah an ngai thin. A hawnna (sikpui hla an sak zawh hian) an neih zawh hian nula leh tlangval, nutling patling te chu hlim takin an lam a, nileng zankhua in an lam ta thin a ni. Hmar hnam te hian Sikpui Roui hi engtik hun lai atanga hmang tan nge an nih tih zawhna hi chhan har tak a ni a. Amaherawhchu pawm dan tlanglawnah chuan Run lui leh Tiau lui inkar vela an khawsak hun lai, kum zabi 16-17 inkar bawr vel kha a ni hmel. HV Vara hian ‘Hmar Hla Hlui’ tih bu ah hian Sikpui Hla chi hrang hrang chang 47 vel a lakhawm a. Sikpui Hla ah hian khaw hming hrang hrang - Bualkhua, Sizawl, Hmuifang, Kelchal, Tlangzawl, Kawlchem, Khuathlo bakah Run lui leh Tiau lui hming te, ransa hming Sial etc. te a lang a. B. Lalthanghliana chuan heng khaw hming hrang hrangte hi Ru leh Tiau lui inkara khaw awm te an ni a, chuvangin an phuah laia an khaw hming hriat leh an khawsakna te an phuah tel a nih a rinawm. Chuvangin Sikpui Hla te hi Run leh Tiau lui inkara an khawsak laia an phuah a nih a rinawm’ a ti bawk. Tin, Mizo te hla hmasa (folk songs) tam tak te hi helai hmuna an awm laia phuah chhuah niin a lang bawk. Hetih lai hian L. Keivom chuan Sikpui Hla te hi Chin Hills(Burma) luh thlak hma a phuah a nih a rin thu a sawi bawk. Mizoram chhunga Sikpui Lung kan hmuh theih langsar tak pakhat chu Champhai bul, Zote khaw hluiah a awm a. He Lung bulah hian hetiang hian a inziak a, ‘HE LUNG HI HMANLAI HMAR HO SIKPUI LUNG A NI TIN KEINI KUM 28.2.1918 A HIAN KAN AWM TA - ZAHULA SAILO"(This is the Sikpui stone of the Hmars of the past and we occupied this place from 28.02.1918 - ZAHULA SAILO). Heng bakah hian tun thlengin Hmar hnam chenna laiah (Mizoram leh Manipur ah te) Sikpui Lung te hi hmuh theihin a la awm. Archaeology zirna huangah hian hetianga lungphun lam zirna hi ‘study of megaliths’ an ti a. Greek tawng ‘mega’ (lian) leh ‘lithos’ (lung) atanga lakchhuah ani a, lungphun lian emaw, lung tam tak inphun emaw sawina mai a ni a. A huhova awm sawina hi megaliths an ti mai a, a mal a ding hi monoliths an ti bawk. A zirna huangah chuan Lungphun te hi chi hrang hranga sawi thin an ni a, menhir (a ngila ding), Dolmen (lungphek bawk, a hnuaia do tu awm), alignment( a tlara phun), cairns(lung tam tak tiankhawm/chhun khawm) te leh a dang tam tak te an awm a. Mizoramah hi chuan hriat theih chinah Menhir, Dolmen, alignment leh cairns te hi a awm ve a. Mizoram chhim lama Mara hnam ten an lalte hriatrengna tura hman laia an siam thin, lung an tiankhawm ‘Phura/Pura’ an tih hi ‘cairns’ chu an ni a, tuna kan sawi lai mek Sikpui Lung hi ‘Dolmen’ a ni ve thung. Meghalaya state a Khasi te hian Dolmen chu an ngah khawp mai a, an ni ah chuan chuan mitthi puala lungphun a ni ber. Khasi ho chuan ‘dolmen’an phun hian a bulah ‘menhir’(lungphun pangngai) an phun tel ngei ngei thin a, a inkawp tlat a ni. Lungphun pangngai khan mipa(male stone) a ni a, a bawka phun(dolmen) kha hmeichhia(female stone) a ni. Anni ah chuan hetiang hriatrengna lungphun hi thlahtute biakna (ancestor worship) leh inthlah chhawnna lam entirna(procreation) a ni. Kan tarlan tak angin Mizoramah chuan ‘Dolmen’ ang chi hi kan ngah lem lova. Sikpui Lung bakah hian tunhma in Mara hnam te hian mitthi te hriatrengnan kawtchhuahah hetiang ang hi an phun ve thin a, chu chu ‘longphei/lophei’ an ti a, chumi bulaha chuan hriatrengna tur thing (wooden memorial post) ‘Thangri’ an phun tel ngei thin. Longphei hi thlan chungah an phun thin a. Lungphek an phah a, chu chu lungphek dang 4 (pali) in a sir tinah an do kang a. Longphei lungphun hi a tlangpuii ft 2/3 a sei, feet 2 a hlai leh feet chanve vela sang a ni tlangpui. Naga hnam Tangkhul te, Konyak te pawhin dolmen hi mitthi hriatrengnan an phun thin bawk. Hetianga hnamdang ten mitthi te hriatrengnan an hman thin lai hian Hmar hnam chuan hun hlimawm an hman thin ‘Sikpui Roui’ laiin an phun ve thung. - Dr Malsawmliana Thulakna te : B. Lalthangliana, Mizo Chanhin. p xxxi Ibid, p93 H. Songate, Hmar History, Imphal, 1958, p81 B. Lalthangliana, op.cit.p96 TS Gangte, The Kukis of Manipur, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1993. p34 Lalremlien Neitham ‘Sikpui-a Festival with a Difference’ an article published in remaginedreality.blogspot.com H.Zadawla ; Sikpui Ruai leh Sikpui Hla, an article (unpublished) L.Khuma Varte ‘Genesis and Exodus of the Mizos : A case study of Hmars’, as cited in Girinda Kumar(ed) ‘Geographic Vol-I’, July, 2006.p50. H.Zadawla; op.cit L.Keivom, Zoram Khawvel-1, (Aizawl, 1994)(2nd Ed), p20 HV Vara, Hmar Hla Hlui (The Hmar Folk Songs, Lyrics and Chants), Churachanpur, ICI Press, 1985(2nd Edition). B. Lalthangliana, op.cit.p31 Ibid, p92 L. Keivom, op.cit.p21 Catherine Namita Shadap Sen, The Origin and Early History of the Khasi-Synteng People, Firma KLM Pvt.Ltd. Calcutta, 1981.p24 NE Parry, The Lakhers, Firma KLM Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta, 1976.p415 Chawngkhuma Chawngthu, Mara Khawtlang Nun, Mizoram Publication Board, Aizawl.2005, p86

Hla Chham mi

NAU RAWL

            A au riai ruai e Kawrnu iangin
            Hnuntui ngai a van ruai e;
            Sirah a thai a let reng e,
            Harh zai reng rel silovin
                Chunnu lungmawl harh zai rel lo,
                Vawkpui ianga hnar suk suk
                Manglamah eng hmu maw - U huk !
                Dawnin lung reng a awi thei lo
            Bawhar lungfing lo pau se
            Ka chuni nu a harh nan e,
            Tangah beiin min chawi sela’ng
            Hnuntui ngai tahlai ka bang ngei ang.
                Tho teh i hrai a van ruai e,
                Enchimloh tahnan a tawk ta e,
                Ka phal ne maw i hrai te hi
                Chun lo ianga vaih reng hi.

August 8, 1997(Friday)  9:30PM, Vaivakawn

 

PASALTHA

    An liam zo hmana
    Vangkhua muantu mihrang
    Sa leh rala tlan lo
    Khuatin thanghluan hrang rual

    An tawnah lal lai
    Lalvung run lian pawhin
    Nghing zai reng rel lovin
    Muangten ning zu an dawn nilen
         Ka ram ka hnam ka chi te
        An dam nan kei ti thin te
        Fam rolungmual an liam
    Aw, rauthla talin kohkir theih chang se,
    Hlan ka nuam ram riang chan hi
    Engtin ngai ang maw an sulhnu te.

    - May 17, 1998 ( Sunday) 9:00 PM , Vaivakawn

Memorial Stone of Lalpuithanga, a Sailo chief

Lalpuithanga Lungdawh: Lalpuithanga Lungdawh is a single upright stone along with a stone platform located at Bawngchawm in Serchhip district. It  measures about 7inches  in thickness, 8.7ft in height and 6.8ft in breadth. The platform measures about 16.3ft long and 8.2ft in breadth. The stone was erected by Lalpuithanga, a great Sailo chief. A number of pictures are engraved on all sides of the stone and a large human figure in the middle was apparently the picture of Lalpuithanga himself, shown smoking a pipe (Vaibel ) and wearing a head dress (Chhawn) depicting him as a warrior. He is also shown wearing a highly valued amber bead (Thihna) which is supposed to be worn only by the chief and rich persons[1], and spearing a man on the head with a metal spiked spear held in his right hand. Further, a number of Mithun or gayal heads and a set of gongs (Darbu) and a bigger gong (Darkhuang) were also depicted. In another corner is the figure of a large species of lizard (tangkawng or tuipuisatang) and the body of a slain man hanging downwards on the edge. A number of birds, pigs, elephants, tigers, the horns of a mithun were also carved on it. Also interesting are the engravings of two horses on other side of the stone which suggests that Lalpuithanga may have owned horses which he might have bought from the British. According to K. Laldinpuii , the stone platform was erected in his later days probably in and around 1886 AD[2]  after the first military expedition towards the Lushai hills (Vailian vawi 1-na) during 1871-1872. Nevertheless the picture of horse is noteworthy since it rarely seen in other megalithic monuments of the Mizo.

Source : Megalithic Monuments of Mizoram : A Descriptive Study' Ph D Thesis of Malsawmliana

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[1] Malsawmliana, “Megalithic Monument of the Mizo - An Over view”, HJM, Vol-VI, No.1, Aizawl, 2005, p.57.

[2] K. Laldinpuii, “Lalpuithanga Sailo Lungdawh (A memorial stone platform of Lalpuithanga, Sailo Chief)”, in Sangkima(ed) A Modern History of Mizoram, Guwahati, 2004, p.77.

Historical Sites and Monuments in Phulpui Village

Tualvungi Vawkthleng

Zawlpala leh Tualvungi Thlan

Tualvungi Vawkthleng

Zawlpala leh Tualvungi Thlan

Zawlpala leh Tualvungi Thlan

Pawl 10 leh Pawl 12 zirlaite tan
-Dr Malsawmliana

Pawl 10 leh 12 zirlaiten Exam an zo a, an result pawh a chhuak hnai tawh mai thei e. Tuna result nghak mek te hian an zir leh zel turah ngaihtuahna mumal tak an seng lawk tawh ang em ? Tunhma kha chuan Matric First Division-a pass te chuan Science lak an tum deuh ngei a, Pachhunga College lamah an liam thla duak thin a. Arts subject chu Second division-a pass te lak turah kan ngai hmiah thin. Tin, mahni a tum mumal neih kha a har a, thiante zir ang zir ve mai kha a awl a, thiante luhna a luh te kan duh a, chuvangin hma lam hun thlirna leh ngaihtuahna kan nei vak lo. Mahni tui zawng zir aiin thiante zir ang zir leh an luhna a luh ve kha kan duh zawk. Chuvangin tum nei rana lehkha zir kha kan tlem a, tunah hian a nghawng chu a rawn lang chhuak ta. Thalai lehkha thiam zingah tum mumal nei kan tlem a, ‘nih tum bik’ leh ‘thawh tum bik’ kan nei lova, a rem rem a ni lo thei tawh lo. Hei hi tum mumal nei lova lehkha zir pawi zia a ni.
Tun thleng hian zirlaite zingah tum mumal nei rana lehkha zir hi kan tam lo hle mai a, BA/MA zirlaite zingah pawh a ni tho. Hemi a nih avang hian zirna lama kan kal chhoh zelnaah rualelna kan neih tawk loh phah thin a, chu chuan hna zawnna thlengin a nghawng chho ta a ni. Mizote zingah hian ‘hna’ kan tih hi ‘Sawrkar hna’ ni bik tlata hriatna hi a awm tlat a, hei hian min tibuai thin. Chuvangin hna zawnna kawngah pawh tam tak chuan Sawrkar hna a nih loh chuan dil kan tum lova, kan hmu a nih pawhin hna dang zawn pahin kan thawk vel mai mai thin.
Tunah erawh chuan zirlaite zingah hetiang rilru put nachang hre lo awm mahse nu leh pa te an fing tawh a. Kan fate zirna ah ngaihtuahna kan seng ve \an tawh a, an zir leh zel tur leh an zirna hmun tur thlengin kan ngaihtuah pui tawh. Hei hi hmasawnna lian tak a ni. Tunhma in nu leh pa chu sawi loh, Sikul a zirtirtute zingah pawh an zirlaite hmakhua ngaihtuahna pui leh inkawhhmuhna hi a awm lo hrim hrim a. A khat tawk ‘what is your aim in life? What is your ambition?’ tih kha zirlaite an zawt leh ringawt \hin a. Kan nih duh kan sawi a, a nih theih dan leh a kalkawng kha min kawhhmuh leh ngai chuang lo. Chuvangin career awareness lamah hian kan hniam hle a ni.Tunah erawh kan zia ta deuh e.
Tuna pawl 10 result nghak mek te hian an pass hnuah eng kawng nge an zawh ang ? Pawl 11 an zir zawm dawn a nih chuan Arts, Science, Commerce zir tur a awm a, an thlang fel tawh em? Professional course hrang hrang Pawl 10 zawh hnua a zir theih te an zir zawk dawn?
Pawl 12 Result nghak mek zingah pawh, a bikin Science lam chuan Technical Entrance Exam bei turin an inbuatsaih torah ngai ila, Arts leh Commerce lam te hian kan hma lam kan ti fel tawh em ? BA/BCom/BSc zir zawm nge tha ang, thildang zir?
Heng ngaihtuahna te hi tuna result nghak mek te hian kan neih a \ha hle mai. Nu leh pa te pawhin kan fate ngaihtuah pui ila, Result a rawn chhuah hnua a ngaihtuahna sen chawp ai chuan tuna lo ngaihven lawk hi a finthlak a, tum mumal neia kan fate hi kan kaihhruai a \ul hle a ni.
Zir tur thlan kawngah hian ngaihtuahna sen a \ul hle mai. Sawrkar hna hi kan duh vek a, kan tum ber pawh a ni hlawm. General Line-a zir chhoh pawp pawp hi a \hat viau rualin hna hmuh theihna remchang awm theihna lam te kan ngaihtuah a ngai. Tin, nakina kan ram leh Sawrkarin a mamawh tur ngei ngei te ngaihtuah a, chutiang lam thiamna lo neih lawk te hi a finthlak ngei ang. Entirnan, mihring kan pung zel a, bawlhhlawh kan ngah tulh tulh a, chutih rualin a paih dan leh enkawl dan ah harsatna kan tawk a. Kan bawlhhlawh te hi \awih ral thei leh \awih thei lo te an ni nuaih tawh si a. Tunah veng tinah AMC in PPP Mode hmangin an khawn khawm a, hmun2/3 velah kan paih khawm a ni ber a. A tih ral dan leh sawngbawl dan kan ngaihtuah loh chuan nakinah kan la buai ngei dawn a. Chuvangin Waste Management lama thiamna nei te chu nakin lawkah Sawrkarin a mamawh ngei dawn a, hemi lama in lo inhmakhua te pawh a hi finthlak mai thei.
Kan changkang zel a, kan in leh lo enkawl dan pawh a changkang chho ve ta zel a, Aizawl khawpui chhungah ngei pawh In tha tak tak, sap ram In ang mai hi a ther fur tawh a. In chhung ropui tak tak leh changkang tak tak pawh a tam ta. Heng kan In chhung cheimawi tur hian Mizo zingah hetiang lama mithiam, Interior designer kan la nei tam lo hle a. Tunah han hausa deuh leh In thatak tak nei chuan Interior Designer te hi an inchhung chei turin an rawn tawh a, ram a thang zel anga kan la mamawh chho zel ang. Chuvangin hetiang lama thiamna nei hi Mizote zingah kan mamawh tul tulh dawn. Chuvangin Interior Designing zirna lamah te pawh hian ngaihtuahna seng ta ila.
A pawimawh berah chuan zirlaite hian kan zir leh zel turah hmakhawthlir thui tak nei ila, nu leh pa te pawh kan fate zirna chungchangah hian ngaihtuahna tak tak sen pui ila. An \hiante zir ang ngawt ni lo deuh, an tui zawng leh thiam zawng, an talent neih dan te, an ngaihtuah zawng te chik ila, an zir chhunzawm zelna turah hian ngaihtuahna i sen pui ang u. Chutih rualin kan ram mamawh leh hna an zawn pawh a hna awm thei tur te ngaihtuah pui ila, thiamna sang tak nei si, mahse an thiamna chhawr hleih theihloh te a awm ve a nia. Entirnan, Mizo zingah Philosophy subject MA zir leh pass chhuak engemaw zat an awm a, mahse Mizoram hian College-ah leh Sikul-ah te Philosophy subject nei an awm leh si lova, (PUC in an la nei em ka hre lo), an tan hna zawn a har em em a ni. An thiamna behchhan khan hna zawn tur a vang hle a ni. State dangah an zawng a nih chuan thuhran.
Chuvangin zirna kawng inkawhhmuhnaah hian ngaihtuahna i seng ang u.
(Vanglaini 7/4/2012)

Eizawnna kawng inkawhhmuh

Kan ram dinhmun en hian zirlaite leh thalaite zingah Career Awareness lam kan hawi loh chuan kan ram hmabak hi a eng lo mai thei. Engvangin nge kan thalaite zingah hnathawh tur mumal nei lo an kat tak nuk mai? Chhanna tam tak a awm thei ngei ang. Thalaite leh zirlaite hnenah an hmakhua inkawhmuhna tha kan pek loh chuan a tawpah beidawnna mai an paw chhuak lovang tih a sawi theihloh. Lehkhathiam si, eizawnna nei lem lova tei ta mai mai, a tawpah nun beidawnna avanga mahni intihhrehawmna hial thlen te pawh awm theih a ni. Chuvangin hemi kawngah hian Kristian thalaite hian ke kan pen a tul khawp mai.
Tun thleng hian zirlaite zingah tum mumal nei rana lehkha zir hi kan tam lo hle mai a, BA/MA zirlaite zingah pawh a ni tho. Hemi a nih avang hian zirna lama kan kal chhoh zelnaah rualelna kan neih tawk loh phah thin a, chu chuan hna zawnna thlengin a nghawng chho ta a ni. Mizote zingah hian ‘hna’ kan tih hi ‘Sawrkar hna’ ni bik tlata hriatna hi a awm tlat a, hei hian min tibuai thin. Chuvangin hna zawnna kawngah pawh tam tak chuan Sawrkar hna a nih loh chuan dil kan tum lova, kan hmu a nih pawhin hna dang zawn pahin kan thawk vel mai mai thin. Hemi chungchangah hian sawi tur tam tak a awm thei ang.
Hna dil tur chungchangah pawh inkawhhmuh kan ngai hle a, hriat loh avanga dil loh pawh hi kan ngah viau awm e. Tunhnaiah Mizorama Staff Selection Commission(SSC) hotu lian pakhat rawn kal chuan SSC-ah hian Mizoram atanga dil an tlem thin thu a sawi. Dil an tlem chuan hna hmu pawh tlem te an ni dawn tih a ni a. Mizoram atanga dil an tlem thinna chhan ni a lang chu inkawhhmuhna kan neih that tawk loh vang a ni. SSC hian Central sawrkar hnuaia hrang hrang (Group A hnuai lam )an khawih a, kumtinin engemaw zat an la thar reng thin. SSC ah hian a nawlpui tan hna a tam a, Pawl 12 leh BA pass chin tan ringawt pawh hna a tam khawp mai. Entirnan, Combined Higher Secondary Level Exam, Combined Graduate Level Exam, Data Entry Operator etc. Heng hna hrang hrangte hi ST quota engemaw zat a awm thin a, Mizote hian hmang tangkai thiam ila a va tha dawn em ! Kan rilru in Mizoram chhung chauh tin zawn lo ila, kan khaw hawi te pawh kan tih zauh a tul hle mai.
Tunhnaiah Indian Army, Navy leh Air Force ah officer lut an tlem tak avangin thuneitu lam ten hlawh an tisang a. Hei hi mi thiam tak takin Sipai Officer an nih chakna tura an tawktar a ni. Mizote zingah ngei pawh sipai officer a lut hi kan tlem ta hle a, eng nge a chhan ni ang. A chhan pakhat ni thei awm chu written test vang hi a ni awm e. Written Test-a tling tur chuan inzir nasat a ngai a, inchhunga inkhung a ngai a, chu tak chu kan peih loh thin chu a ni. Khawlai nuam kan ti a, hla zir, hnatlang, khawhar in kal, inkhawm te a lo ngai thin bawk nen, zirna lam kan ngaihthah phah thin. Hetiang dinhmun kan nih avang hian Sipai Officer a lut duh tan chuan HSS leh College kal laia NCC zawm hi a fuh khawp mai. NCC ‘C’ Certificate nei tan chuan Exam buai a ngai lo. Sipai Officer lakna tura exam buatsaihah hian (UPSC exam telin) ‘C’ Certificate nei chu exam kher a ngai lova, interview tura koh nghal an ni thin. Tin, kumtin hian hetiang post ah hian ‘C’ certificate nei tan post 100 vel hi reserve thin a ni bawk. Mizote zingah pawh NCC hmang tangkai tak tak hi an thahnem tawh hle a ni. Chuvangin zirlai tan chuan NCC lama tel hi hnazawnna nen a inkawp avangin a fuh khawp ang.
Kan changkang zel a, kan in leh lo enkawl dan pawh a changkang chho ve ta zel a, Aizawl khawpui chhungah ngei pawh In tha tak tak, sap ram In ang mai hi a ther fur tawh a. In chhung ropui tak tak leh changkang tak tak pawh a tam ta. Heng kan In chhung cheimawi tur hian Mizo zingah hetiang lama mithiam, Interior designer kan la nei tam lo hle a. Tunah han hausa deuh leh In thatak tak nei chuan Interior Designer te hi an inchhung chei turin an rawn tawh a, ram a thang zel anga kan la mamawh chho zel ang. Chuvangin hetiang lama thiamna nei hi Mizote zingah kan mamawh tul tulh dawn. Chuvangin Interior Designing zirna lamah hian thalaiten ngaihtuahna kan sen a ngai.
Thiamna sang neih kawngah pawh tan kan lak a ngai hle mai. Tunhnaiah Doctorate hmu thar engemaw zat kan nei a, a lawmawm khawp mai.University te hial kan neih tawh avangin thiamna sang tak tak neih leh mi la zir loh lam te hi kan zir a, kan ngaihven a tul tawh a. University hna laknaah an duh ang thiamna Mizo zingah nei kan awm thin loh avanga loh theih lohva hnamdang lak a ngaih chang a tam ta mai. Entirnan, Mass Communication lam pawh kan uar, mahse PhD nei erawh kan la nei mang lo. Kumtinin Engineer zir turin thalai engemaw zat kan tir liam a, Mizoram quota chan loh hlauvin kan vir hut hut a. Kan zir chhuak a, BE ah kan tawp a, a aia sang zir tum leh Engineering lama Doctorate degree hial sual chhuak chu tunhnaiah kan nei ta mang lo. IIT te pawh kan nei, mahse zirtirtu atan hnamdang ho loh theihlohva an rawn luh a la ngai tlat. Chuvangin Mizo thalai lehkhathiam te hian thiamna sang leh ril zawk neih kawngah hian tan kan lak a ngai khawp mai.
Tunlaiah phai lam atangin Hotel, Call Centre, Restaurant vela hnathawk tur Mizo thalai an duh thu kan hre fo thin a. Hetiang lakah hian kan fimkhur a tha hle. Kan rama hnathawh tur mai a awm loh avangin hetiang ang sawmna hi hnar har kan ti thin a, phai lamah ka zui thla a, mi tam tak chu beidawngin an rawn haw leh thin. Tin, inbumna te a tel thin bawk avang hian hriatchian loh chu hmun hla ah phei chuan bawh huam huam loh a fuh zawk. Thenkhat chu mipat hmeichhiatna lam kaihhnawih te a lo nih thin avangin nunchang thlengin an hlauh thei. Chuvangin hna kan zawnna ah hian fimkhur ila, Kristianna nena inmil hna te pawh zawng thiam ila a tha khawp mai.
Kan ram than chhoh zel dan en mil hian eizawnna bultanna tur hian a lo inbuatsaih theih. Entirnan, bawlhhlawh paih chungchang hi kan ram in a la buaipui dawn chauh a, Sawrkar pawh in hma a la chho zel bawk a. Chuvangin nakin lawkah chuan Waste Managment lama thiamna nei te hi kan la mamawh hle dawn a, a lo inbuatsaih chi viau ang. Nakina lawkah chuan kan la mamawh em em tur, tunah pawh kan mamawh chhoh tan mek chu Management lam thiam hi a ni. Private company leh Bussiness firm/Centre te a pung chho zel ang a, hetiang lama thiamna nei te hi kan mamawh tulh tulh ang. Tin, Hotel leh Restaurant changkang tak tak te pawh kan la nei zel ang a, chutih hunah chuan Hotel management lam thiamna nei te an pawimawh ang. Lo inhmakhua te pawh a tha hle a ni. Tuna mi tam takin eizawnna kan neih ang chi te pawh hi tunaia changkang zawk leh awmze nei zawka kan her rem thiam te pawh a tha khawp mai. Entirnan, lu mehna dawr te pawh hi tunaia changkang deuh zawkin a siam theih. Tuna lu mehna dawr kan enkawl ang loh deuh hian fel fai leh thianghlim zawkin enkawl ila, lu suk fai nghalna tur tui nen inchhawp ta vek bawk ila. Khawlaia len vah vel pah pawhin meh tir mai a awlsam ang. Tun dinhmunah hi chuan a hranpa a lumet tura inbuatsaih a ngai a. Len haw lamah emaw, len chhuah hma in emaw kan meh tir lo thei lova, a chhan chu meh zawhah mahni Ina haw a, lusuk phawt zel a ngaih thin vang a ni. Chutiang dawr chu ram dangah chuan an nei deuh vek tawh zawk a, kan ramah pawh hian kan tih ve a ngai tawh.
Eng pawh nise, eizawnna kawngah hian Kristian thalaite hian khawhawi kan tih zauh tul a, kan state ringawt hi ngaihven lo ila, khawvel hmun dang te pawh kan melh a tul khawp mai. Tunlaiah Internet kan hmang nasa tawh a, thalaite zingah nasa takin hmun a khuar tawh a, Facebook te phei chu hre lo kan tam tawh awm lo ve. A hranpa a Internet Connection nei kher lo pawhin Mobile Phone atangin a khawih theih vek tawh avangin khawpui leh thingtlang a dang chuang lo. Hetiang ang awlsamna te hi hna zawnna atana kan hman tangkai thiam chuan a hlu khawp ang. Internet te hi Facebook a thiante kawmna atan chauh hmang lovin hna zawnna atan te hmang ila, thil tangkaiah i hmang ang u. Tunlaiah phei chuan hna tam tak hi Online-a dil chi te a ni tawh a, a bikin Bank Exam phei chu ‘Online Application’ veka dil tur a ni tawh a. Hemi avang hian heng kan mobile phone te, internet te hi a tangkai hle a ni. KTP memberte hian kan mobile phone te hi hetiang zawng hian hman tangkai i tum ang u.
A pawimawh berah chuan hna zawn leh eizawnna kawng kan zawh mekah hian taimakna leh tumruhna a pawimawh ber a, ‘teirei peih’ a ngai. ‘KTP active member ni chunga zirna kawnga hlawhtlin leh filawr nih hi thil theihloh a ni’ ti a mi sawi thin hi a theih zia te pawh kan lantir a ngai a, chumi ti tur erawh chuan TV leh Computer Games, internet facebook vel buaipui mai lo deuh hian buaipui tur dik tak zawk hi i buaipui ang u.
- Dr Malsawmliana,
(Kristian Thalai, January, 2012 pp.17-21)

2011 MPSC Exam Result thlirletna

Khawi nge beng tivartu atan leh hriat ve mai mai atan nikum chhunga Mizoram Public Service Commission(MPSC) in Public Exam a buatsaih hrang hranga tling zat leh District hrang hrang tlin dan te han tarlang mai mai ila. Thalaite han zawng mek te zingah inelna thianghlim a awm thei mahna. Kum kalta leh kum hmasa lamah te khan MPSC hian hna hrang hrang lakna atan open exam a buatsaih nasa hle a, mi engemaw zatin hna thar duhawm tak tak an hmuh phah nual nghe nghe a ni. Chumi piah lamah Departmental Exam pawh a buatsaih nual bawk a, Sawrkar hnathawk engemaw zatin Departmental Exam hmangin an kaisan phah bawk a.

Hna a vang a, lehkhathiam leh thiam sang lem lo hna zawng kan inpel suau suau a, chutih laiin hna erawh a vang hle thung. A bikin Sawrkar hna nghet hmuh chu a har hle a, a nghet lem lo contract leh MR pawh hmuh a awl bik chuang lova. Hemi a nih avang hian direct taka Sawrkar hna nghet hmu te chu kan inlawmpui a, vawi lehkhata Officer han ni thut te phei chu kan inchawimawi nasa hle a ni. Hman zan lawkah pawh Zonet Cable TV chuan MPS tling tharte lawmpuina hun an hmang a nih kha. MPS tling thar pakhat chu ‘I veng/khua ten eng angin nge an chawimawi che, pangpar thi te an awrh tir che em ? tin ka zawt fiam a, ani chuan an tih lem loh thu in min chhang. ‘Zaithiam chu ni la, thleng sang vak lo mah la an chawimawi viau law’ng che maw ? tiin ka zawt leh hram a.

Nikum chhung khan Mizoram Public Service Commission in an Website-a an tarlan chinah hna chi hrang hrang 11-ah Open/Public Exam a buatsaih a, chungte chu - Clinical Psychologist, Programmer Election Dept., Assistant Director (Forensic) (Toxicology) under Home Department, Mizoram Engineering Service (Civil), PWD, Librarian, Law & Judicial Department (Civil Secretariat), Assistant Soil Conservation Officer under Soil & Water Conservation Department, Junior Inspector of Cooperative Societies ( Co-operation Department), Assistant Superintendent of Accounts ( Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department), Circle Officer under Social Welfare Department, MFAS, MPS te an ni a. Heng hna hrang hrangah te hian Post 51 a awm a, chungah chuan Exam hi neih a ni.

Heng Post 51-a tling te zingah hian District hrang hrang atangin tling an awm vek a, an tam dan erawh a inthlau hle thung. Hetiangin :

S/No. District Tling zat %
1. Aizawl 31 60.78
2. Champhai 5 9.80
3. Lunglei 4 7.84
4. Serchhip 4 7.84
5. Saiha 3 5.88
6. Kolasib 2 3.92
7. Mamit 1 1.96
8. Lawngtlai 1 1.96

A chung Table atang hian District tin te inthlauh dan a lang chiang hle a, Aizawl District chhung atanga tling an thahnem viau laiin Lawngtlai leh Mamit District atangin Post 51-ah mi 1 ve ve chauh an tling a. Tan lak a ngai hle a ni.

Tin, Aizawl District hnaih ber tu Champhai District atang hian mi 5 an tling a, an inthlau khawp mai. Chutih rualin Champhai Districit atanga tling te khi mi 2 chiah Champhai khawpui chhung ami an ni a, a dang 3 chu khaw dang (Leithum, Hnahlan leh Vangchhia) te an ni.

Aizawl District atangin mi 31 an tling a, heng zingah hian mi 30 chu Aizawl khawpui chhunga mi vek an ni a, 1 hi Darlawn khua a ni thung. Aizawl khawpui chhungah hian veng 80 chuang a awm a, chung zingah chuan Mission Vengthlang, Chaltlang leh Electric veng atangin mi 2 theuh an tling a, a dang veng 25 atangin pakhat theuh an tling bawk. Heng veng 25 te hi han tarlang ve hrim hrim ila a tha awm e - Zarkawt, Chanmari, Thakthing, Luangmual, Bethlehem, Dam Veng, Khatla South, Vaivakawn, Chanmari West, Durtlang Leitan, Zemabawk North, Chhinga Veng, Chawnpui, Tlangnuam, Dawrpui, Dinthar, Venghnuai, Laipuitlang, Bawngkawn Chhim veng, College Veng, Bungkawn Vengthar, Kulikawn, Venghlui, Mission Veng leh Venghnuai. Heta veng hming lang ve lo te tan hian tanlak a ngai hle mai.

Tin, post awm zat 51 atang hian mipa tling zat hi 35 an ni a, hmeichhia hi 16 an tling bawk. Hmeichhia an tlem nachhan ni a lang pakhat chu MPS vang hi a ni mai thei e. MPS ah hian Physical Test a awm avangin mipa karah hmeichhe tan tlin a har deuh vang pawh a ni ang.

Kumin chhovah pawh MPSC hian hna hrang hrangah Exam a buatsaih leh ngei turah ngai ila, hengah te hian zirlaite leh hna zawng lai ten tih tak zeta inbuatsaih chunga kan hmachhawn a tha hle. Hna avang kan ti a, hnathawh tur zawngin kan impel suau suau a, awlsam taka hna hmuh kan tum a, hmelhriat nei tha leh chhungte nei tha nih kan duh a, induhsakna avanga hna hmuh te kan tum a, chutih laiin beih fet ngai leh Exam chi ah te chuan tha pui kan thawh leh peih mang si lo. A chungah District hrang hrang leh veng hrang hrang tlin dan atang hian inelna thianghlim nei ila, khaw tin leh veng tin MPS/MCS etc. tling thar neih tum theuh ila. Thalai hna zawng mekte pawhin tha pui thawhin i han bei tak tak teh ang u.

- Dr Malsawmliana
(Vanglaini January 29-30, 2012)