- Dr Malsawmliana
Khawvel pumah hripui a leng mek a, mi tam takin nunna hlu tak an ch^n a, hetih lai hian mi tam tak he natna lak atang hian an dam chhuak m>k bawk a. He hri hian eng chen nge min chenchilh dawn a hriat loh a, a awm reng tawh dawn pawh a ni mai thei e. Chutihrualin he natna laka inven dan hi a ni telin kan thiam chho zel a, fimkhur dan pawh kan thiam tawh khawp mai. Tunhma a\angin hri hi khawvelah a lo leng tawh thin a, tun thleng hian a khat tawkin a la leng reng a, a la leng zel dawn ni te pawhin a lang.
Mizote pawh hian kan pi leh pute hun lai atang tawh khan hri hi an lo buaipui tawh thin a, hri laka inven dan te pawh an lo nei tawh thin a ni. Tun tumah hian Mizoten hripui kan lo vei tawh dan \henkhat leh kan lo hmachhawn dan tlangpui kan tarlang dawn a ni.
Kan pi leh pute khan hri leng leh natna laka inthen fai nan inthawina chi hrang hrang an buatsaih \hin a, natna a zirin inthawina pawh a hrang zel a; entirnan, kaih leh sual thawi nan ‘Zunthiang’ an hmang a, naupang hrilawn atan arhluisen leh vawkte te an hmang bawk a. Chutiang chuan natna an tawh hlek chuan an inthawi thuai zel a, ti natu ni a an ngaih hnenah inthawina hi an hlan thin a ni.
Kan pipute khan khatih hun laia hri – zawnghri, sentut, khuhhip etc. laka invennan chin dan pakhat an nei a, chu chu ‘hri dai theu’ a ni. Hri dai an theu dan hi a chipchiara sawi dawn chuan a thui deuh dawn a. An khaw \henawmin hri an vei chuan an khuaa a rawn luh lohnan leh a darh loh nan an lo inveng a, khaw kar kawngah dai an lo theu \hin a ni. Lalin a khaw \henawm ten hri an vei tih a hriat veleh a upate a kokhawm a, hridai theu chungchang an rel nghal a. Engkim an ruahman fel hnuah hri dai theu turin an chhuak a, hmeithai erawh an kal ve ngai lo. Hri vei khua nen a inkar kawngah Sekawtrawlh an siam a, chu sekawtrawlh a\anga khaw lam leh ram lamah hlam sawmnga vela thuiah kawngthlang lam chu an sam fai vek a, hruai an thlung phei a, hruiah chuan chh^wl an bang chhuak vek a. Hauhuk vun lih chu hnim leh puanchhia ten an thun puar a, Hauhuk ang thei berin an siam a, Sekawtrawlh bulah, in lam hnaihah chuan a dam lai ang thei ber turin an \hut tir a. Chutiang chiah chuan mihring lem an siam bawk a, a rapthlak thei ang berin an chei a, thawmhnaw chhe deuh deuh te an hak tir bawk a. Hauhuk lem bulah chuan an \huttir a, a \hen an din tir bawk a. Chutianga an peih fel vek hnuah chuan Puithiam ( Bawlpu) in a zupeng ah chu a hmuam a, sekawtrawlh leh a chhehvel chu a phuh kual a, hetiang hian a chham pah bawk a:
Kan thiang lo ve, kan thiang lo ve,
Lo kal suh u, lo kal suh u, Zakapa khuaah kal zawk rawh u.
( An khawn thenawmah kal zawk turin a ti)
Chutianga an tih zawh vek hnuah chuan In lamah an haw a, Lal hnenah engkim an thlen vek a. Lal chuan Tlangau tirin in tinah an In pawn bangah Chhawl thiat vek turin a au tir a. Hei hi hri in kha in kha a luh lohna tura invenna a ni.
Hauhuk leh Chh^wl (hnim) te hian mihringin kan hmuh theih loh hri leh ramhuaite hmu thei vekah an ngai a, chuvangin an dah ngei \hin a ni. Hri dai theu chu hri vei lo khuaten a vei khuate ‘lo kal suh u, hri kan inkai ang e’ an tihna a ni. Hetianga Hri dai theu an lo kal pui \hin hian kan pi leh pute hun lai khan hri a leng \hin tih leh an inkai palh lohnan nasa takin an inveng a, an lo inkharkhip \hin tih a ti chiang hle a ni. ( R. Chaldailova, Mizo Pipute Nunkhua, 2019, pp.68-73.)
Mizoramah tunhma a\angin hian hri leng hi hriat tur a lo awm ve fo tawh a, thenkhat chu khawvel puma hri leng rawn lut te a nih laiin thenkhat erawh chu lian tham vak lo leh a lenna bial zim deuh zawk te pawh an ni awm e.
British Sipai lal, TH Lewin (Thangliana) chuan kum 1860 khan Mizoram chhim lama Mizo awm ten Bangladesh-a Chittagong Hill Tracts a Kassalong Bazar an zuk run \umin Zawnghri (Smallpox) an rawn kai haw thu a ziak a. A kum leh 1861 ah pawh British lalram chhung an r
Kum 1870 khan Chittagong Hill Tract –a Mizo hnam pakhat, Khumi (Matu an ti bawk) hnam zingah Zawnghri (Smallpox) vei an awm a, an hlau hle mai a. He natna hi Burma ram, Arakan lam atanga ramhuai hnathawh lo lut niin an ring a. An khaw chhunga luh leh chhuah te an khap nghal vek a, Zawng thisen ten an chenna in te an phuh a, a lu te chu an khaw luhna kawngka (gate) ah an tar bawk a. Hun engemaw ti chhung atan an chenna in te an rauh san a, damlo ber kha amahin an awm tir a, ramhnuaiah an tlanchhiat san vek \hin a ni. Heng Khumi hnam te hi Lewin-a chuan ‘P^wi’ ti a kan sawi zinga mi an ni tiin a sawi bawk. (TH Lewin, Wild Races of South-Eastern India, p. 120, 151)
Mizoram khawthlang lama Mizo te chenna bawr, Tripura Jampui tlang dungah pawh hian kum zabi 19 bawr chho velah khan Zawnghri a leng nasa a, hemi avang hian an khuate pawh rauhsan a lo ni tawh a, a hnuah Dokhuma Sailo leh Hrangvunga Sailo te hovin an luah leh chauh niin an sawi bawk.
Mizorama Sap sipai rawn luh \um hnih, Vailen vawi khatna (1871-72) leh Vawi hnihna (188990) bawr velah pawh khan Sapho leh an \huihruai mi tam tak zingah natna hri – tuihri, malaria te a leng \hin a, engemaw zat an thih phah nghe nghe a ni. Heng hri lengah te hian anmahni mai ni lo, Mizote ngei pawh in an lo vei phah ve bawk. Khatih hun lai khan Mizoram ramri hrulah leh hmun remchangah sumdawnna hmun Bazaar – Sonai Bazaar, Tipaimukh Bazaar leh Changsil Bazaar te siam a ni a, hengah te hian Vaiho leh Mizo ten bungrua an inthleng tawn thin avangin an inpawlhsawp lo thei lo a. Engemaw hri leng hlek pawh an inkai awlsam hle a ni.
Kum 1881-1882 a Mautam |am ah khan Mizo tam tak chuan hun engemaw ti chhung atan \henawm ram, Cachar lamah an tlan thla a. |am reh hnua an rawn let leh khan mi engemaw zat chuan tuihri an rawn kai haw nghe nghe a ni.
Heng natna hri leng kan han sawi te hian ramchhung zau zawka huap lem lo a, khawi lai bial zim zawkah emaw te a leng a, buaipui tham lutuk a ni lem lo.
Hemi hnuah hian Mizoramah Zawnghri (Smallpox) a leng ta zauh zauh a, kum 1882, 1908, 1913 ah te hriattur a awm a, mahse engtiang takin nge an tawrh hriat a ni lo. Hetih hun lai hian Sawrkarin hri dan nan ban zai (vaccine) an ti \an a, mi tam takin he invenna hi an la a, natna hri lakah an him phah reng a ni. A bikin France ram kal ho te phei chuan an la vek a, hri kai buaipui velah pawh an tangkai em em a ni.
Kum 1918 November thla khan khawvel pumah hripui a leng a, he hripui leng hi influenza an ti a, khawvela hripui leng nasa ber leh thi pawh an tam berna a ni awm e. Khawi atanga rawn darh tan nge a hriat loh a, USA ah chuan kum 1918 nipui laiin Sipai zingah an hmu tan a, tichuan 1918-19 ah khawvel pumah a darh chho ta a ni. He hripui avang hian khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 500 vel ( khawvel mipui hmun thum a \hena hmun khat) a khawih a, mi maktaduai 50 vel an thi a, USA bikah mi 6,75,000 vel an thi a ni.
Mizoramah chuan kum 1918 ah Indopui pakhatna a lo reh a, France rama kal mi sang rual te chu an lo haw ta a. Aizawl Lammualah Bawrhsapin anmahni lawmna hun ropui takin a buatsaih a, hei hi hripui len hma lawk a ni awm e. Hemi hnua anmahni khua \heuha an haw dawn lai vel hian hripui hi a leng \an a ni awm e. Thenkhat chuan an khua pawh thleng hman lovin ramhnuaiah hun engemaw ti chhung an awm deuh ren rawn hman a ni.
He hri leng hi an sawi danin Mizoramah chuan Sipaihovin an vei hmasa a, midangah a pun lun ta zel a, thingtlang khuate pawhin an tuar chho ta zel a. He hripui leng (influenza) hi Mizoramah chuan hetianga chhiatna nasa a thlen hmasak ber a ni awm e. Aizawlah leh a chhehvel khua ah te a darh a, chutah khaw dangah a darh zel a. Aizawl atanga hla vak lo, Hmunpui khua, In 90 vel awmnaah chuan November, 1919 chhung lek pawhin mi 30 chuang an thi hman a ni. (Christianity and subaltern culture, Vanlalchhuanawma, pp.234-235,) Chutiangin Mizoram chhim lam khuaah te pawh a darh ta zel a ni.
Hri kai avangin mitthi an pung ta hluai a, nikhatah pawh mi 4/5 te an thi a, an buai tak meuh meuh a ni. Zatluanga sawi dan chuan, ‘thlan lai tur pawh awm lo khawpin an na zova, France ram kalte chauhvin he hri hi an vei ve loh avangin thlan lain an hah em em a ni. Mitthi te pawh France ram kal hlirin an khawn khawm a, hlang nghet taka phan khawlaiah an zawn an zawn a, \ap ri an hriatna apiangah hlang chu an zawn lut a, mitthi chu thlan laih zawh hmasak apiangah an phum zel a ni. Chutiang khawpa thlan laitute pawh an indaih loh avang chuan thlan khata tam deuhva phum mai te pawh an awm bawk.’ (Mizo Chanchin, p.212)
He hripui avanga Mizote tawrhna hi a nasa em em a, chung zinga khaw pahnihin an tawrh dan han tarlang ila :
Serchhip khua hian an tuar nasa hle a. Chhungtin mai chu kal kan lovin a bawh ta zel a, nikhatah ruang 4/5 te an inphum ta zel mai a, inkhat atangin ruang 2/1 chhuah chang te pawh a awm a ni awm e. He hri avang a thi hmasa ber chu Thaikhawnga a ni. Ruang hlawmtu lam pawh an hah hle ang. Hemi kum January thla chhung hian mi 98 in nunna an chan hman. A inven dan tur an hre si lova, damdawi ei tur a awm lo bawk nen, a inven dan \ha ber ni a an hriat chu inkharkhip a ni mai a. Zan lamah chuan tumah pawn chhuah loh tur an ti a, mitin mai chu mahni inah an tawm vek a, khawlai pawh a reh thuap mai a ni. (Serchhip khaw chanchin by Lungduhsanga)
Mizorama hripui leng sawi apianga lo lang hmasa zel chu Letzakaia khua, Hriangtuinek (tuna Phuaibuang khua) khua in hripui an tuar nasat dan hi a ni. He khuaah hian Infleunza hripui bakah Zawnghri (Smallpox) a leng tel bawk a. Kum 1919 March-May chhung khan he khua ringawtah hian hripui avangin mi 380 an thih phah a ni. Phuaibuang YMA in Hriangtuinek khaw hmun hluiah hripui vanga thi te hriatrengna lung an phun nghe nghe a ni. He khuaa Zawnghri vei hmasate hi khaw daiah an dah hrang a, chungte chu hawk dak zual pakhatin a lo va en a\anga inkaidarh ta an ni awm e.
Kan pi leh pute khan ngaihtuahna fing tak neiin hripui laka invenna tur hian an theih tawpin hma an lo la \hin a, chung an hmalak dan te chu tunlaia kan tih ang tho hi a lo ni a. Hripui laka an khua an himna turin an khua an hung a, hri dai an theu a, khaw dang mi nen inkalpawh an duh lo. Tin, hri vei te pawh midang nen an inkaichhawn lohna turin an khung hrang bawk \hin. Kum 1919-a Serchhipa hripui a len \um pawhin mipui an lo inkharkhip (lockdown) daih tawh a, mahni inah an tawm \hap a, pawn chhuah pawh an phal lo. Hengte hi tuna kan tih ang tho hi a ni a, a invenna damdawi an hmuh chhuah hma hi chuan heng inhung bik leh inkhunghrang (quarantine) te hi inven dan tha ber chu a ni rih. Tunhma lam khan khawvel hmun danga an tih dan entawn tur pawh an hre lovang a, entawn nachang pawh an hre kher lovang. Chuvangin \ha ni a an ngaih ang khan an ti mai a, an lo fing hle a ni. Khang bak kha tunlai khawvelah pawh a tih dan kan hre chuang rih lo a nih hi.
06.06.2020
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